Endometriosis
A chronic gynaecological condition where endometrial tissue grows outside the uterus, causing pain, heavy periods and sometimes infertility.
Overview & Clinical Approach
A common condition affecting 5–10% of women, often presenting with severe pain, heavy bleeding and fertility issues.
Endometriosis is a disorder in which endometrial tissue (the lining of the uterus) grows outside the uterus - commonly on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, intestines and pelvic lining.
These tissues still behave like normal endometrium: they thicken, break down and bleed with each menstrual cycle. But since this blood has no natural passage to exit the body, it causes inflammation, pain, cysts and adhesions (organs sticking together).
Symptoms can range from mild to very severe and may include infertility. At Maa Nursing Home and NetraJyoti Eyecare Centre, endometriosis is treated with medicines and, in severe cases, laparoscopic surgery.
Common Symptoms
- Pelvic pain (often worsening during periods)
- Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding with blood clots
- Premenstrual spotting and pain radiating to thighs and legs
- Infertility and chronic fatigue
- Constipation, diarrhoea, bloating, or pain while passing motions
- Depression and anxiety due to chronic pain
- Occasional fever and headache
Primary Causes & Risk Factors
- Retrograde menstruation - menstrual blood flowing backwards into the pelvis where cells implant and grow
- Coelomic metaplasia - transformation of pelvic lining cells into endometrial-like tissue
- Transplantation of endometrial tissue during surgery (e.g. Caesarean or episiotomy scars)
- Spread via blood or lymph to distant organs
- Immune system changes - altered immunity may fail to recognise and remove misplaced endometrial tissue
Treatment Steps
Pain-Relief Medication
Medicines control pelvic pain and menstrual cramps.
Hormone-Suppressing Therapy
Oral or injectable drugs reduce or stop cyclical activity of endometrial implants, relieving pain and slowing progression. In selected patients, these medicines may also help reduce the risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Laparoscopic Surgery
For severe or uncontrolled cases, implants are removed and adhesions resected to restore normal pelvic anatomy.
Fertility-Focused Follow-Up
Laparoscopy improves the chances of pregnancy where endometriosis is a cause of infertility.
Key Treatment Benefits
- Effective chronic pelvic pain relief through combined medical and laparoscopic approach
- Laparoscopic endometriotic cyst and adhesion excision with faster recovery
- Fertility preservation protocols alongside pain management
- Personalised long-term management from an experienced gynaecology & infertility team
Consultation for Endometriosis
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